It is a synthetic peptide fragment consisting of 16 amino acids taken from the C-terminal end of human growth hormone, specifically residues 177 through 191
This is a single rabbit study, not human evidence
Community oral doses (50-150 mg daily) are based on allometric scaling from mouse studies, oral bioavailability data, and several years of community trial and error
These injections, usually containing hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin, are administered intramuscularly, thus bypassing the digestive system where the absorption problem occurs
Side Effects People Report The most common complaints are mild: pain, redness, or bruising where the shot is given
More serious side effects are rare but can include muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat, and dizziness